Establishing and understanding what is Creating Drivers of Climate Migration is key to tackling Climate Migration as a whole. Climatic root causes are generally the effects of climate change. Such as globally increasing temperatures or rising sea levels. They then lead to drivers such as prolonged drought, more areas facing extreme heat or areas experiencing more coastal flooding and soil-salination.
Another key root cause of Climate Migration is lack of resiliency. Things which cause this reduced resiliency are as important at resolving Climate Migration as the other more ‘physical’ effects. Increasing resiliency in areas which have historically had low resilience can prevent a lot of the drivers of forced climate migration, therefore also reducing the effects.
Climatic Drivers are forces of nature, particularly forces which are seeing an increase due to Anthropogenic Climate Change, which are increasing inhospitality of areas whether through extreme weather events, increasing heat or rising sea levels.
Climatic changes can be Rapid or Slow forcers of displacement. With Rapid effects which force displacement being events such as flash floods, typhoons, and heat-waves. While slow effects which force displacement are things such as Sea-Level rise, anually rising temperatures or less predictable weather patterns.
Resilience Factors are human or governmental factors which play a large role in people’s ability to deal with climate disasters; these include a wide range of factors from early warning systems and food & water security to GDP per capita & Population Density.
Root Causes are drivers of either Climatic or Resilience forces which create a world destined for Climate Migration. However, nearly always there are multiple drivers of forced Climate Migration.
Problems which result from Climate Migration directly effect three key groups. Climate Migrants themselves, areas facing high Climate Emigration and areas facing high Climate Immigration.
Direct problems caused by climate migration include mental, physical and financial strain for those forcibly displaced, areas facing high emigration face loss of knowledge and culture. Areas facing high immigration often see social strains, over-urbanisation and often in-equal allocation of strained resources.
Indirect problems arise from factors which contribute to a problem related to climate displacement, this could be social and cultural division, while this is not inherent to climate migration, or any large migration, it often occurs due to displaced people wanting to keep their language, customs and culture, leading to sub-groups in cities which cater to these needs, which when combined with resource strains can lead to social fragmentation.
Compound problems which create feedback loops, relaying back to cause more climate displacement. One example of this is over-urbanisation; a high number of climate migrants, place further strain on already struggling food, water and power resources, meaning that people are forced to leave.
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